[ad_1] Canadian home prices are falling. Borrowing costs are increasing at an incredible rate. It’s the battle royale of home ownership affordability: Will wannabe home owners benefit from the real estate market correction, or will their dreams be crushed by the rising mortgage costs that are causing it? I believe that improved home ownership affordability is on the way, but that the “improvement” will likely be modest. To understand why, it helps to know how we got here and to consider what happens to the affordability equation as home prices go down and borrowing costs go up. Inflation (not rates) is the biggest concern for central banks Since March 2022, the Bank of Canada (BoC) has been raising interest rates in an effort to tame runaway inflation. In June, inflation in Canada reached a 39-year high of 8.1% year-over-year, after decades of mostly low, stable and predictable inflation. It eased to 7.6% in July, but it remains well above the BoC’s target of 2% annual inflation. That said, if central bankers can’t wrestle inflation to the ground, they will be forced to continue raising rates until inflation is tamed—regardless of the impact on home owners and buyers. Source: CBC News Inflation is driving the bus. Or, you could say, inflation holds all of the keys to affordability. Our last experience with high inflation came in two waves during the 1970s and ’80s, and it peaked at 12.9% in 1981. That year, the BoC’s benchmark rate reached 20.78%. If you think mortgages are expensive right now, consider that, as of Sept. 6, 2022, the benchmark rate is 2.5%. Home prices are falling fast I’ve said for many months that it would not be hard to pop the Canadian real estate bubble. It was, and is, the most Bubblicious real estate bubble on the planet. Rates were kept too low for far too long. Recent home buyers have what people in the poker world call “weak hands”—meaning they may soon give up on their recent purchase and decide to sell. Apparently, the weakest hands belong to real estate “investors,” who leveraged existing properties to take on more debt during the recent home-buying craze. When home prices start to correct, it doesn’t take long for over-leveraged home owners and speculators to find themselves under water. That’s when you owe more on your house or condo than it’s actually worth, and it’s a reason some owners might be forced to sell. After a strong COVID-inspired real estate run, prices are now in a free fall. After peaking at $816,720 in February 2022, the national average house price fell 18.5% to $665,850 in June. The average price fell again in July, settling at $629,971—nearly 22.9% below the peak. Here’s a chart that shows the incredible real estate run-up. Keep in mind that the Canadian Real Estate Association (CREA) uses its own unique benchmark to calculate national prices. Source: CREA, Steve Saretsky Borrowing costs are increasing When the BoC’s benchmark policy rate goes up, mortgage interest rate hikes are usually not far behind. For example, Canada’s prime rate—on which variable mortgage rates rest—increased to 4.7% from 3.7% the day after the BoC’s 1% interest rate hike on July 13, 2022. From February to July 2022, variable interest rates (for mortgages with a 10% down payment) moved from 0.9% to 3.5%. Meanwhile, fixed rates moved from 2.59% to 4.34% over the same period, according to data from Ratehub.ca. (Note: MoneySense.ca and Ratehub.ca are both owned by Ratehub Inc.) The following table shows the lowest five-year fixed and variable mortgage rates (assuming a 25-year amortization) available in most provinces at the end of each month between February and July 2022, based on Ratehub.ca data. 5-year fixed rates 5-year variable rates With 10% down With 20% down With 10% down With 20% down February 2.59% 2.79% 0.90% 1.25% March 3.04% 3.29% 1.15% 1.70% April 3.59% 3.69% 1.90% 2.20% May 3.94% 4.04% 1.90% 2.20% June 4.79% 5.04% 2.50% 2.80% July 4.34% 4.59% 3.50% 3.85% As we can see, since February 2022, variable mortgage rates in Canada have risen 2.6 percentage points, which represents an increase of almost 300%! Fixed rates have climbed around 1.8 percentage points, which represents an increase of 65%. What this means for affordability As falling home prices take on higher rates in 2022, has home ownership become more affordable? Let’s take a look at the impact these two forces have had on monthly mortgage costs, which are a leading factor for affordability. The following table represents two scenarios: home owners with a 10% down payment, and those with a 20% down payment. Mortgages with a 20% down payment generally have higher interest rates because they are not eligible for mortgage default insurance. However, a home owner who puts down less than 20% will have to account for the added insurance costs. Thanks to Gina Athanasious, a RE/MAX real estate expert, for her help with the following calculations. Month(with average home price) 5-year fixed (10% down) 5-year fixed (20% down) 5-year variable (10% down) 5-year variable (20% down) Rate Payment Rate Payment Rate Payment Rate Payment February($816,720) 2.59% $3,326 2.79% $3,022 0.90% $2,736 1.25% $2,536 June($665,850) 4.79% $3,414 5.04% $3,110 2.50% $2,685 2.80% $2,467 July($629,971) 4.34% $3,100 4.59% $2,827 3.50% $2,838 3.85% $2,619 The scorecard shows that, from February to June, variable-rate costs improved modestly, with falling home prices outweighing higher interest rates. Redo the same calculations for the 2022 period of February to July, however, and we see that variable-rate costs worsened, with higher interest rates now outweighing the drop in home prices. The opposite is true for fixed-rate mortgage costs. Those costs worsened between February and June but improved modestly between February and July. That said, head-to-head, variable rates seem to remain the more cost-effective option. Factoring in the mortgage stress test The mortgage stress test, which sets a minimum qualifying rate for new mortgages, requires borrowers to prove they can handle their mortgage payment at the greater of 5.25% or their contract rate plus